Equipment · Elevator

Types of Elevators Explained

Researched and maintained by a working tradesman. Updated 2026.

"Elevator mechanic" covers a few genuinely different machines under one job title. Here's the breakdown of the three main types you'll work on, and where each one shows up.

The three main types

At a Glance

HydraulicLow-rise, up to ~65 ft
TractionMid to high-rise, no height cap (gearless)
MRLMid-rise, no separate machine room

Hydraulic — the low-rise workhorse

Hydraulic elevators raise the cab with a fluid-powered piston instead of cables. They're simple, relatively cheap to install and maintain, and common in low-rise buildings of about 2-8 stories — small office buildings, retail, and freight applications. The trade-off is higher energy use over the system's life compared to traction. Some are "holed" (the piston sits in a drilled cylinder below the pit) and some are "holeless" (a telescoping piston avoids drilling), which matters for retrofits where excavation isn't practical.

Traction — cables, counterweight, no height limit

Traction elevators use steel ropes (or belts) running over a hoist with a counterweight balancing the cab's weight — the standard for mid-rise and high-rise buildings since the early 1900s. Geared traction systems handle buildings up to a few hundred feet; gearless traction has no real height limit and is what you'll find in skyscrapers and tall residential towers.

MRL — machine-room-less

MRL elevators are usually a traction design with the hoisting motor mounted inside the hoistway itself — on a side wall or in the overhead space — instead of a dedicated machine room on the roof. That saves the building real square footage and cuts energy use, which is why MRL has become the default choice for a lot of new mid-rise construction. A separate control room is still typically required near the top landing.

Escalators and moving walks

Elevator mechanics don't just run vertical boxes — IUEC and NAEC-certified techs also install and maintain escalators and moving walks, which use a continuously moving chain of steps or pallets rather than a cab. Different mechanics, same trade, same union and certification paths.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What's the most common type of elevator?
Traction elevators are the most common for mid-rise and high-rise buildings, using steel ropes and a counterweight. Hydraulic elevators are common in low-rise buildings of 2-8 stories. MRL (machine-room-less) traction units have become the default choice for new mid-rise construction.
What is an MRL elevator?
MRL stands for machine-room-less. It's typically a traction elevator with the hoisting motor mounted inside the hoistway itself instead of in a separate machine room, saving building space and reducing energy use.
How high can a hydraulic elevator go?
Hydraulic elevators are generally limited to low-rise buildings, roughly up to 65 feet of travel (about 5-8 stories), because of how the piston system works. Taller buildings use traction or MRL systems instead.
Do elevator mechanics work on escalators too?
Yes. IUEC mechanics and NAEC-certified technicians service escalators and moving walks as part of the same trade, alongside elevators.